Why use Powerline networking? Learn about each of the five generations of computers and major technology developments that have led to the computing devices that we use Different types of power-line communications use different frequency bands.

Power-line communications technology can use the electrical power wiring within a home for home automation : for example, remote control of lighting and appliances without installation of additional control wiring. These devices may be either plugged into regular power outlets, or permanently wired in place. Learn different types of networks, concepts, architecture and The carrier frequency range is used for audio signals, protection and a pilot frequency. Main article: Carrier current. In essence, it is the director of the network, controlling the flow of data and telling each device on the network where to find the other devices. A new technology called PowerPacket , developed by Intellon , has been chosen by the HomePlug Alliance as the standard for power-line networking. That power cord, for example, can tie the wireless network into the home's overarching power-line network.

Retrieved 14 October Horowitz; Arun G. It doesn't require that a card be installed in the computer although there are companies working on PCI-based systems. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. This card plugs into a PCI slot in your computer and into a wall outlet to create a power-line network. The device at the end of the network may then respond inbound with a message that carries the desired value. American Amateur Radio League. Intellon's PowerPacket technology, which serves as the basis for the HomePlug Powerline Alliance standard, uses an enhanced form of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing OFDM with forward error-correction, similar to the technology found in DSL modems. FDM puts computer data on separate frequencies from the voice signals being carried by the phone line, separating the extra signal space on a typical phone line into distinct data channels by splitting it into uniform chunks of bandwidth.

The electrical wiring in the average home can support a variety of frequencies. This can affect the performance of the network. It can be compatible with other operating systems depending on driver availability. So you might think that Powerline networking aka HomePlug , which uses your home's electrical wiring as a wired data network, is an outdated and redundant technology. A new technology called PowerPacket , developed by Intellon , has been chosen by the HomePlug Alliance as the standard for power-line networking. Powerline adapter sets plug into power outlets and establish an Ethernet connection using the existing electrical wiring in the home power strips with filtering may absorb the power line signal. Outbound messages injected at a utility substation will propagate to all points downstream. There are two competing power-line technologies. Sending signals across a home's electrical wiring isn't a 21st century idea.

The older power-line technology used by Intelogis relies on frequency-shift keying FSK to send data back and forth over the electrical wires in your home. It uses large wall devices to access an electrical outlet. Its fastest transmission rate is Learn different types of networks, concepts, architecture and News release. What is Powerline networking? Acceptable Use Policy. FDM puts computer data on separate frequencies from the voice signals being carried by the phone line, separating the extra signal space on a typical phone line into distinct data channels by splitting it into uniform chunks of bandwidth.

Power-line communications systems operate by adding a modulated carrier signal to the wiring system. Radio interference, for example, has long been a concern of amateur radio groups. These circuits are used for control of switchgear, and for protection of transmission lines. Then you plug it into the nearest power socket. Once the physical connections are made, installation of the software is a snap. Wikimedia Commons. Even higher information rate transmissions over power line use RF through microwave frequencies transmitted via a transverse mode surface wave propagation mechanism that requires only a single conductor. Internet access. PLC also may be a component of a Smart Grid.

The carrier frequency range is used for audio signals, protection and a pilot frequency. It can limit the features of your printer. How does Powerline networking work? There has to be a Powerline adapter in place to convert the A popular technology known as X10 has been used since the s. It may have the necessary circuitry embedded within the device, necessitating only a standard power cord to access an outlet. Although it might be exciting to discuss combining your electricity and Internet delivery, for the purpose of this article, let's bring the focus back to in-home applications. Power-line carrier systems have long been a favorite at many utilities because it allows them to reliably move data over an infrastructure that they control. You buy a basic kit, which comes with two Powerline adapters and two short Ethernet cables. All were developed to transmit data at high speeds, while compensating for inherent issues with using electrical wiring for transmission like high attenuation, interference and signal mismatches.

Each one of those is a potential network uplink if you use Powerline! This will not keep your printer from working, but it is worth noting that you will lose the use of such features. Driscoll, Jr. Two distinctly different sets [ which? Since the power distribution system was originally intended for transmission of AC power at typical frequencies of 50 or 60 Hz , power wire circuits have only a limited ability to carry higher frequencies. The electrical wiring in the average home can support a variety of frequencies. The carrier is modulated by digital signals. The device at the end of the network may then respond inbound with a message that carries the desired value. File and printer sharing is done through Windows. Why use Powerline networking?

Breakers "break" that circuit down into manageable pieces so if a device acts up, your whole house doesn't loose power, just that room. While not every smart meter uses Powerline, those that do are an example of the electricity industry utilizing existing power lines to exchange data, such as utility companies receiving updates from your smart meter regarding your electricity usage. Learn about each of the five generations of computers and major technology developments that have led to the computing devices that we use Special thanks to Intellon for their assistance with this article. The drive is to produce a reliable system which is cheap enough to be widely installed and able to compete cost effectively with wireless solutions. Along these lines, Intellon's OFDM approach to power-line networking is highly scalable, eventually allowing the technology to surpass Mbps. PLC is one of the technologies used for automatic meter reading. BPL uses some of the same radio frequencies used for over-the-air radio systems. Let's also say that this particular telly isn't wireless-enabled, so the only way that you can enjoy catch-up TV on it is to trail an Ethernet cable from the router, down the hallway, and across the living room floor to the TV. You can easily add computers by simply plugging a new adapter in and installing the software.

Intellon's PowerPacket technology uses a peer-to-peer network. A project of EDF, France includes demand management, street lighting control, remote metering and billing, customer specific tariff optimisation, contract management, expense estimation and gas applications safety. It's not designed to replace a Wi-Fi network. Because the current crop of power-line networks are designed to work on volt electrical systems, the technology is not very useful to countries outside of North America that use different standards. Namespaces Article Talk. Every room of a typical house has several electrical outlets. The original technology is called Passport , by a company named Intelogis. HomePlug Powerline Alliance, Inc. This avoids the expense of a dedicated network of wires for data communication, and the expense of maintaining a dedicated network of antennas, radios and routers in wireless network. See also power line communications PLC.

Therefore the signal is filtered out from the powerline, demodulated and modulated on a new carrier frequency , and then reinjected onto the powerline again. Includes Top Networking fundamentals teaches the building blocks of modern network design. Then you plug it into the nearest power socket. Unless you have a second parallel port on your computer, your printer must be connected to the network through a wall device of its own. Page 1: What Is Powerline Technology? This speed allows for new applications, such as audio and video streaming, to be available throughout the house. American Amateur Radio League.

In tests, it showed no signal degradation due to older wiring. Powerline is a neat and effective networking solution. Since the network does not affect power usage or consumption, no additional monthly costs are incurred. Networking fundamentals teaches the building blocks of modern network design. The one common thread among all of the networking options is the need for power. Some jurisdictions such as the EU , regulate wire-line transmissions further. It is very fast, rated at 14 Mbps. PLC is one of the technologies used for automatic meter reading. Applications of mains communications vary enormously, as would be expected of such a widely available medium.

The " universal powerline bus ", introduced in , uses pulse-position modulation PPM. Utility companies use special coupling capacitors to connect radio transmitters to the AC power carrying conductors. This provides low impedance path for carrier energy to HV line but blocks the power frequency circuit by being a high impedance path. Includes Top Each receiver in the system has an address and can be individually commanded by the signals transmitted over the household wiring and decoded at the receiver. In the protocol, 6loWPAN has been chosen to adapt IPv6 an internet network layer to constrained environments which is Power line communications. A wide range of power-line communication technologies are needed for different applications, ranging from home automation to Internet access which is often called broadband over power lines BPL. This allows devices to share data without the inconvenience of running dedicated network cables. See also power line communications PLC.

The drive is to produce a reliable system which is cheap enough to be widely installed and able to compete cost effectively with wireless solutions. Along these lines, Intellon's OFDM approach to power-line networking is highly scalable, eventually allowing the technology to surpass Mbps. It "avoids" disruptions in the power-line, maintaining the network's connections and speeds. A committee was formed under the name HomePlug Alliance, composed of the computer and networking equipment industry's big players. In power-line networking, you connect your computers to one another through the same outlet. Phadke OSGP follows a modern, structured approach based on the OSI protocol model to meet the evolving challenges of the smart grid. Narrowband power-line communications began soon after electrical power supply became widespread.

This will not keep your printer from working, but it is worth noting that you will lose the use of such features. American Amateur Radio League. While a wireless solution may indeed shun wires, its access point is still going to be plugged in at some point. You can easily add computers by simply plugging a new adapter in and installing the software. Archived from the original on 3 April Modern Powerline kit also encourages you to password protect your adapters, adding an extra layer of protection. You plug the second adapter into the nearest power socket. The older power-line technology used by Intelogis relies on frequency-shift keying FSK to send data back and forth over the electrical wires in your home.

Additional printers can be added using the printer plug-in adapter. Utility companies use special coupling capacitors to connect radio transmitters to the AC power carrying conductors. A project of EDF, France includes demand management, street lighting control, remote metering and billing, customer specific tariff optimisation, contract management, expense estimation and gas applications safety. Therefore the signal is filtered out from the powerline, demodulated and modulated on a new carrier frequency , and then reinjected onto the powerline again. Many nations regulate unshielded wired emissions as if they were radio transmitters. Retrieved July 22, Not interested. It can limit the features of your printer. Intellon's PowerPacket technology, which serves as the basis for the HomePlug Powerline Alliance standard, uses an enhanced form of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing OFDM with forward error-correction, similar to the technology found in DSL modems.

Intelogis includes line-conditioning power strips with its network kit and encourages you to insert them between the wall outlet and your computer equipment to help reduce the amount of electrical-line noise. Power-line carrier systems have long been a favorite at many utilities because it allows them to reliably move data over an infrastructure that they control. The propagation problem is a limiting factor for each type of power-line communications. I'm sure the HomePlug Alliance realized this as well. You plug the second adapter into the nearest power socket. When the first HomePlug Powerline standard was introduced in , data speeds were limited to a sluggish 14Mbps. The original HomePlug 1. The carrier frequency is again filtered, amplified and transmitted. Interest in this application has grown substantially in recent history—not so much because there is an interest in automating a manual process, but because there is an interest in obtaining fresh data from all metered points in order to better control and operate the system.

A PLC carrier repeating station is a facility, at which a power-line communication PLC signal on a powerline is refreshed. The electrical wiring in the average home can support a variety of frequencies. Each receiver in the system has an address and can be individually commanded by the signals transmitted over the household wiring and decoded at the receiver. Many nations regulate unshielded wired emissions as if they were radio transmitters. The first computer that you install the software on becomes the Application Server. While not every smart meter uses Powerline, those that do are an example of the electricity industry utilizing existing power lines to exchange data, such as utility companies receiving updates from your smart meter regarding your electricity usage. One natural application of narrow band power-line communication is the control and telemetry of electrical equipment such as meters, switches, heaters and domestic appliances. What is Powerline networking?

Current page: Page 1. Unless you have a second parallel port on your computer, your printer must be connected to the network through a wall device of its own. Networking fundamentals teaches the building blocks of modern network design. Older wiring can affect performance. It is very fast, rated at 14 Mbps. The carrier is modulated by digital signals. Subsequent devices will have the circuitry built in, meaning the only connection needed would be the power cord. Power system relaying third edition. Since the mids, there has been a surge of interest in using the potential of digital communications techniques and digital signal processing.

Archived from the original on 21 February Typically transformers prevent propagating the signal, which requires multiple technologies to form very large networks. But you'd be wrong. Page 1 of 5: What Is Powerline Technology? Power-line communication also known as power-line carrier or PLC , power-line digital subscriber line or PDSL , mains communication , power-line telecommunications or PLT , and power-line networking or PLN carries data on a conductor that is also used simultaneously for AC electric power transmission or electric power distribution to consumers. In a two-way system supporting both outbound and inbound , commands can be broadcast out from the master station to end devices meters — allowing for reconfiguration of the network, or to obtain readings, or to convey messages, etc. It's not designed to replace a Wi-Fi network. The power-line network must be the last item connected to the parallel port. In the case of OFDM, the available range of frequencies on the electrical subsystem 4. OFDM sends packets of data simultaneously along several of the carrier frequencies, allowing for increased speed and reliability.

In the protocol, 6loWPAN has been chosen to adapt IPv6 an internet network layer to constrained environments which is Power line communications. The adapters auto-detect each other no drivers, no lengthy configuration process and auto-connect, enabling data packets to whizz from router to TV, travelling along the Ethernet cable, into the first adapter, across the electrical wiring in the walls, out into the second adapter and into the TV. The latest generation of PowerPacket technology is rated at 14 Mbps, which is faster than existing phone-line and wireless solutions. It's inexpensive. Power line communications can also be used in a home to interconnect home computers and peripherals, and home entertainment devices that have an Ethernet port. Use this handy list to help you decide. HomePlug estimates that over 45 million HomePlug devices have been deployed worldwide. The carrier is modulated by digital signals. In the s, the Tokyo Electric Power Co ran experiments which reported successful bi-directional operation with several hundred units. There are specific versions for computers or printers, so make sure you get the correct one.

Something to keep in mind is that current power-line networks do not support bidirectional printing. While not every smart meter uses Powerline, those that do are an example of the electricity industry utilizing existing power lines to exchange data, such as utility companies receiving updates from your smart meter regarding your electricity usage. Retrieved 8 May Since the carrier signal may propagate to nearby homes or apartments on the same distribution system, these control schemes have a "house address" that designates the owner. Back to School Power-line carrier systems have long been a favorite at many utilities because it allows them to reliably move data over an infrastructure that they control. This rate-adaptive design allows PowerPacket to maintain an Ethernet-class connection throughout the power-line network without losing any data. This allows devices to share data without the inconvenience of running dedicated network cables. Topics Networking. The original technology is called Passport , by a company named Intelogis.

Each one of those is a potential network uplink if you use Powerline! This rate-adaptive design allows PowerPacket to maintain an Ethernet-class connection throughout the power-line network without losing any data. While utility companies use microwave and now, increasingly, fiber optic cables for their primary system communication needs, the power-line carrier apparatus may still be useful as a backup channel or for very simple low-cost installations that do not warrant installing fiber optic lines. High frequency communication may re use large portions of the radio spectrum for communication, or may use select narrow band s , depending on the technology. It can only use V standard lines. There has to be a Powerline adapter in place to convert the One of my houses had two V or was it V, I forgot outlets, so the powerline Ethernet wouldn't work on one half of the house lol. I have several friends who live in such areas; they've mentioned that ISPs are hesitant, if not downright unwilling, to bring fiber or cable to their homes. There are also many specialised niche applications which use the mains supply within the home as a convenient data link for telemetry. Error detection and correction is made by both a convolutional code and Reed-Solomon error correction.

Sometimes PLC was used for transmitting radio programs over powerlines. This rate-adaptive design allows PowerPacket to maintain an Ethernet-class connection throughout the power-line network without losing any data. The older power-line technology used by Intelogis relies on frequency-shift keying FSK to send data back and forth over the electrical wires in your home. The performance can be impacted by home power usage. I love these things. American Amateur Radio League. The drive is to produce a reliable system which is cheap enough to be widely installed and able to compete cost effectively with wireless solutions. To sectionalize the transmission network and protect against failures, a "wave trap" is connected in series with the power transmission line.

Lesson I learned the hard way. Use this handy list to help you decide. Every room of a typical house has several electrical outlets. One of my houses had two V or was it V, I forgot outlets, so the powerline Ethernet wouldn't work on one half of the house lol. Horowitz; Arun G. It's also ideal for connecting old devices to the Internet that don't have built-in Wi-Fi connectivity, avoiding cluttering up your living room with a tangle of Ethernet cables. This avoids the expense of a dedicated network of wires for data communication, and the expense of maintaining a dedicated network of antennas, radios and routers in wireless network. Yeah love these things.

These circuits are used for control of switchgear, and for protection of transmission lines. Includes Top I'm sure the HomePlug Alliance realized this as well. In the protocol, 6loWPAN has been chosen to adapt IPv6 an internet network layer to constrained environments which is Power line communications. This speed allows for new applications, such as audio and video streaming, to be available throughout the house. It uses a convolutional code for error detection and correction. It's also ideal for connecting old devices to the Internet that don't have built-in Wi-Fi connectivity, avoiding cluttering up your living room with a tangle of Ethernet cables. Radio interference, for example, has long been a concern of amateur radio groups.

This type of broadcast allows the communication system to simultaneously reach many thousands of devices—all of which are known to have power, and have been previously identified as candidates for load shed. What is Powerline networking? Archived from the original on 20 May Powerline adapter sets plug into power outlets and establish an Ethernet connection using the existing electrical wiring in the home power strips with filtering may absorb the power line signal. Computing Unplugged magazine. Typically transformers prevent propagating the signal, which requires multiple technologies to form very large networks. Corridor Systems. You try to hide the cable with a big rug.

Although this method works, it is somewhat fragile. Internet access. Typically home-control power-line communication devices operate by modulating in a carrier wave of between 20 and kHz into the household wiring at the transmitter. Anything that impinges on either frequency can disrupt the data flow, causing the transmitting computer to have to resend the data. January A new technology called PowerPacket , developed by Intellon , has been chosen by the HomePlug Alliance as the standard for power-line networking. This provides low impedance path for carrier energy to HV line but blocks the power frequency circuit by being a high impedance path. One natural application of narrow band power-line communication is the control and telemetry of electrical equipment such as meters, switches, heaters and domestic appliances.

For many years the search continued for a cheap bi-directional technology suitable for applications such as remote meter reading. The modulation generally used in these system is amplitude modulation. But the narrowband powerline communications channel presents many technical challenges, a mathematical channel model and a survey of work is available. It's supposed to complement one. One natural application of narrow band power-line communication is the control and telemetry of electrical equipment such as meters, switches, heaters and domestic appliances. It is fast, rated at 14 megabits per second Mbps. It doesn't work. The older power-line technology used by Intelogis relies on frequency-shift keying FSK to send data back and forth over the electrical wires in your home. OFDM sends packets of data simultaneously along several of the carrier frequencies, allowing for increased speed and reliability. Networking fundamentals teaches the building blocks of modern network design.

OSGP follows a modern, structured approach based on the OSI protocol model to meet the evolving challenges of the smart grid. It is fast, rated at 14 megabits per second Mbps. Just keep in mind that if you do have a backup generator, it will not jump between circuits. Retrieved 14 October A PLC carrier repeating station is a facility, at which a power-line communication PLC signal on a powerline is refreshed. This provides low impedance path for carrier energy to HV line but blocks the power frequency circuit by being a high impedance path. In a one-way inbound only system, readings "bubble up" from end devices such as meters , through the communication infrastructure, to a "master station" which publishes the readings. Since the carrier signal may propagate to nearby homes or apartments on the same distribution system, these control schemes have a "house address" that designates the owner. You buy a basic kit, which comes with two Powerline adapters and two short Ethernet cables. Power-line communications systems operate by adding a modulated carrier signal to the wiring system.

Retrieved 8 May This speed allows for new applications, such as audio and video streaming, to be available throughout the house. Driscoll, Jr. In fact, when you hear the terminology Smart Grid , many of the proposed industrial applications utilize Powerline technology. Corridor Systems. HomePlug 1. It requires that all data be encrypted for a secure network. This standard and command system provides not only for smart meters and related data but also for general purpose extension to other smart grid devices.

Cost And Installation. Although it might be exciting to discuss combining your electricity and Internet delivery, for the purpose of this article, let's bring the focus back to in-home applications. Use this handy list to help you decide. Intelogis includes line-conditioning power strips with its network kit and encourages you to insert them between the wall outlet and your computer equipment to help reduce the amount of electrical-line noise. Control and telemetry applications include both 'utility side' applications, which involves equipment belonging to the utility company up to the domestic meter, and 'consumer-side' applications which involves equipment in the consumer's premises. This type of broadcast allows the communication system to simultaneously reach many thousands of devices—all of which are known to have power, and have been previously identified as candidates for load shed. It "avoids" disruptions in the power-line, maintaining the network's connections and speeds. Intellon's PowerPacket technology, which serves as the basis for the HomePlug Powerline Alliance standard, uses an enhanced form of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing OFDM with forward error-correction, similar to the technology found in DSL modems.

But you'd be wrong. HomePlug 1. It's easy to install. And that's it. They work across Circuit breakers. Driscoll, Jr. The physical connection between each computer and the Intelogis power-line network uses the computer's parallel port. Corridor Systems. You can't just pop in a Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable into an electrical outlet and start watching YouTube videos.

When the first HomePlug Powerline standard was introduced in , data speeds were limited to a sluggish 14Mbps. Archived from the original on 3 April While that may be frustrating from a consumer point of view, to the ISP, the return on investment just isn't as high on providing Internet to one remote family compared to wiring up a neighborhood. As data is sent across the copper wiring in your home, it can't be hacked or misused from the outside. Presumably for consumer and industry brand recognition, the PowerPacket name was dropped in favor of HomePlug 1. Sending signals across a home's electrical wiring isn't a 21st century idea. I'm sure the HomePlug Alliance realized this as well. To install an Intelogis PassPort power-line network, you plug a wall device like this into an outlet.

Higher data rates generally imply shorter ranges; a local area network operating at millions of bits per second may only cover one floor of an office building, but eliminates the need for installation of dedicated network cabling. Let's also say that this particular telly isn't wireless-enabled, so the only way that you can enjoy catch-up TV on it is to trail an Ethernet cable from the router, down the hallway, and across the living room floor to the TV. Topics Networking. Archived from the original on July 22, Lesson I learned the hard way. Different types of power-line communications use different frequency bands. In the s, the Tokyo Electric Power Co ran experiments which reported successful bi-directional operation with several hundred units. It requires that all data be encrypted for a secure network.

Main article: Carrier current. The performance can be impacted by home power usage. Acceptable Use Policy. It's easy to install. The Future. This speed allows for new applications, such as audio and video streaming, to be available throughout the house. In the protocol, 6loWPAN has been chosen to adapt IPv6 an internet network layer to constrained environments which is Power line communications. It can only use V standard lines. For many years the search continued for a cheap bi-directional technology suitable for applications such as remote meter reading. The device at the end of the network may then respond inbound with a message that carries the desired value.

How does Powerline networking work? This can affect the performance of the network. There are two other networking technologies to discuss: phone-line and wireless networks. Since the carrier signal may propagate to nearby homes or apartments on the same distribution system, these control schemes have a "house address" that designates the owner. The one common thread among all of the networking options is the need for power. The main issue determining the frequencies of power-line communication is laws to limit interference with radio services. There are two competing power-line technologies. Because it requires no new wiring, and the network adds no cost to your electric bill, power-line networking is the cheapest method of connecting computers in different rooms. If you plan to use these, make sure you know where your powerlines are going.

Power system relaying third edition. Utility companies use special coupling capacitors to connect radio transmitters to the AC power carrying conductors. New power-line networking products are based on Intellon's PowerPacket technology. It uses large wall devices to access an electrical outlet. Computing Unplugged magazine. Acceptable Use Policy. File and printer sharing is done through Windows. Powerline is a networking communications technology adapted for use over existing electrical power lines, hence the name. Just keep in mind that if you do have a backup generator, it will not jump between circuits.

They work across Circuit breakers. This provides low impedance path for carrier energy to HV line but blocks the power frequency circuit by being a high impedance path. A project of EDF, France includes demand management, street lighting control, remote metering and billing, customer specific tariff optimisation, contract management, expense estimation and gas applications safety. There are also many specialised niche applications which use the mains supply within the home as a convenient data link for telemetry. And that's it. Retrieved 18 August Because the current crop of power-line networks are designed to work on volt electrical systems, the technology is not very useful to countries outside of North America that use different standards. Browse Technology Definitions:. Subsequent devices will have the circuitry built in, meaning the only connection needed would be the power cord.

All were developed to transmit data at high speeds, while compensating for inherent issues with using electrical wiring for transmission like high attenuation, interference and signal mismatches. Powerline Control Systems, Inc. Lesson I learned the hard way. While a wireless solution may indeed shun wires, its access point is still going to be plugged in at some point. You can't just pop in a Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable into an electrical outlet and start watching YouTube videos. Browse Technology Definitions:. They work across Circuit breakers. I have several friends who live in such areas; they've mentioned that ISPs are hesitant, if not downright unwilling, to bring fiber or cable to their homes. From A3 to ZZZ we list 1, text message and online chat abbreviations to help you translate and understand today's texting lingo.

Modern BPL employs frequency-hopping spread spectrum to avoid using those frequencies actually in use, though early pre BPL standards did not. A committee was formed under the name HomePlug Alliance, composed of the computer and networking equipment industry's big players. One of my houses had two V or was it V, I forgot outlets, so the powerline Ethernet wouldn't work on one half of the house lol. The modulation generally used in these system is amplitude modulation. Browse Technology Definitions:. Retrieved 18 August Radio interference, for example, has long been a concern of amateur radio groups. This type of broadcast allows the communication system to simultaneously reach many thousands of devices—all of which are known to have power, and have been previously identified as candidates for load shed. Its fastest transmission rate is In a two-way system supporting both outbound and inbound , commands can be broadcast out from the master station to end devices meters — allowing for reconfiguration of the network, or to obtain readings, or to convey messages, etc.